小学语法知识There be句型讲解
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There be句型是小学英语教学中的重要内容。表示某处存在某(物)人。基本结构为“There be +某物(某人)+某地(某时)”。
Be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变化。单数is，复数are
如：
There is a table in the room. 房间里有一张桌子。
There are some birds on the tree. 树上有很多鸟。
一、 There be句型的结构：
1.(一)There is+单数可数+地点状语
例：There is a ruler on the desk. 书桌上有一把尺。
(二)There are+复数主语+地点状语
例：There are four apples on the tree. 树上有四个苹果。
There are some flowers in the park. 公园里有许多花。
(三)there is + 不可数名词 +地点状语 (即使有some 也是 单数)
例：There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。 (水是不可数名词)
2. There be选择就近原则：
There be句型的就近原则是There be句型中语法项目的重点考点。There be句型中be动词的单复数形式由最挨近的一项的单复数决定。
如：There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.
在本句中尽管有钢笔、书和铅笔，但是由于离be动词最近的一项是单数a pen，因此，be动词用单数is。
二、There be 句型的疑问句及回答
(一)There be 句型的疑问
1. 在“There is/are...”的疑问句中,要把Be动词放在there之前,并将句号变问号。难点:句中出现的some要改成any。
2. 肯定回答为：Yes, there is/are.
3. 否定回答为: No, there isn’t/aren’t.
例句
可数名词单数 1.
肯定句There is an apple on the tree.
疑问句 Is there an apple on the tree?
肯定回答: Yes, there is. 否定回答: No, there isn’t.
可数名词复数2.
肯定句There are five pens on the desk.
疑问句Are there five pens on the desk?
肯定回答: Yes, there are. 否定回答 No, there aren’t.
不可数名词的时候 3.
肯定句 There is some water in the cup. (水是不可数名词)
否定句 Is there any water in the cup?
肯定回答: Yes, there is. 否定回答: No, there isn’t.
三、There be 句型的否定形式
(一)There be 句型的否定： 否定形式只要在be动词后面加not即可，is not =isn’t are not= aren’t
但要注意的是句中如果出现some则改成any.
1.There is a knife in the kitchen. 否定:There is not a knife in the kitchen.
2.There are five apples on the tree. 否定:There are not five apples on the tree.
3.There is some ink in the bottle. 否定:There is not any ink in the bottle. (ink是墨水，不可数名词)
4.There are some birds singing in the tree. 否定:There are not any birds singing in the tree.
Be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变化。单数is，复数are
如：
There is a table in the room. 房间里有一张桌子。
There are some birds on the tree. 树上有很多鸟。
一、 There be句型的结构：
1.(一)There is+单数可数+地点状语
例：There is a ruler on the desk. 书桌上有一把尺。
(二)There are+复数主语+地点状语
例：There are four apples on the tree. 树上有四个苹果。
There are some flowers in the park. 公园里有许多花。
(三)there is + 不可数名词 +地点状语 (即使有some 也是 单数)
例：There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。 (水是不可数名词)
2. There be选择就近原则：
There be句型的就近原则是There be句型中语法项目的重点考点。There be句型中be动词的单复数形式由最挨近的一项的单复数决定。
如：There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.
在本句中尽管有钢笔、书和铅笔，但是由于离be动词最近的一项是单数a pen，因此，be动词用单数is。
二、There be 句型的疑问句及回答
(一)There be 句型的疑问
1. 在“There is/are...”的疑问句中,要把Be动词放在there之前,并将句号变问号。难点:句中出现的some要改成any。
2. 肯定回答为：Yes, there is/are.
3. 否定回答为: No, there isn’t/aren’t.
例句
可数名词单数 1.
肯定句There is an apple on the tree.
疑问句 Is there an apple on the tree?
肯定回答: Yes, there is. 否定回答: No, there isn’t.
可数名词复数2.
肯定句There are five pens on the desk.
疑问句Are there five pens on the desk?
肯定回答: Yes, there are. 否定回答 No, there aren’t.
不可数名词的时候 3.
肯定句 There is some water in the cup. (水是不可数名词)
否定句 Is there any water in the cup?
肯定回答: Yes, there is. 否定回答: No, there isn’t.
三、There be 句型的否定形式
(一)There be 句型的否定： 否定形式只要在be动词后面加not即可，is not =isn’t are not= aren’t
但要注意的是句中如果出现some则改成any.
1.There is a knife in the kitchen. 否定:There is not a knife in the kitchen.
2.There are five apples on the tree. 否定:There are not five apples on the tree.
3.There is some ink in the bottle. 否定:There is not any ink in the bottle. (ink是墨水，不可数名词)
4.There are some birds singing in the tree. 否定:There are not any birds singing in the tree.
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