现在分词与动词不定式作定语的用法

1现在分词作定语

1）形式:现在分词作定语时，只能用doing 和being done两种形式。

2）doing表示主动，动作正在发生或现在（当时）的状态。being done表示被动，动作正在进行。

3）位置：单个现在分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前；现在分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后。

4）扩展：现在分词短语作后置定语时课扩展成定语从句。

Don’t wake up the sleepingboy.不要吵醒这个正在睡觉的男孩。

Will the people sitting at the back( = who is sitting at the back) keep quiet?

坐在后面的人保持安静，好吗？

The matter being discussed (= which is being discussed) is very important. 正在讨论的事情很重要。

I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. 我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前。

hanging before very dusty windows作后置定语，修饰前面的curtains。

2 动词不定式作定语

1）不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系。如

He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开学校的。

The train to arrive was from London. 将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。

2）不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系。如

Get him something to eat. 给他拿点儿东西吃。

She has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上她有很多工作要做。

3）不及物动词构成的不定式作定语，要加上适当的介词和倍修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。如：

I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支钢笔写字。（write在句 中作及物动词）

比较：I have a letter to write. 我有一封信要写。（write在句中作不及物动词）

There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么好担心的。

4）不定式修饰一些名词

Ability 能力，本领 ambition 抱负，野心 campaign 战役，运动; chance 机会 courage勇气; decision 决定; determination 决心，决定; drive驾驶; effort努力; failure失败，不及格; force力，压力; intention意向，意图; method 方法，方式 ; motive动机，目的; movement运动，活动; need需要，需求; opportunity 机会;

promise许诺,希望; reason 理由，原因; light光，光线，亮光; struggle 奋斗，努力，斗争; tendency倾向，趋势 ;wish 希望，愿望，祝愿

5）其他

Spring is the best time to fly kites. 春天是放风筝的最好时节。

Thanksgiving is a time to give thanks for food in the autumn.

感恩节是个感谢秋季收获食物的时刻。to give thanks for food in the autumn作定语，修饰time。

习题

1 The woman ______(give) a speech now is our English teacher.

2 The house ______(build) there now will be a shop.

3 A warm drink milk before bed has long been the best choice for those _______(want) a good night’s sleep.

4 The boy _______(play) will give a performance next week.

5 With the world changing fast, we have something new ______ with all by ourselves every day. A deal B dealt C. to deal D dealing

答案 1 giving 2 wanting 3 being built 4 playing

5 C to deal with作 定语，修饰something;