n.生皮制长鞭；牛鞭

This paper will discuss ways to weaken the bullwhip effect from the strategic and tactical level. 本文将从战略层次和战术层次来讨论削弱牛鞭效应的方法。

This paper sums up the domestic anti overseas qualitative and quantitative analysis research on the Bullwhip Effect's. 摘要综述了国内外关于牛鞭效应问题的定性与定量分析研究的进展。